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The cost of carbon pricing: competitiveness implications for

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The target of this record is to evaluate how most sensible to enhance carbon pricing guidelines that in achieving a transition to a low carbon financial system with no compromising the facility of nationwide industries to compete internationally.

The evaluate is predicated on a survey of the present coverage surroundings, new examine quantifying the affects of weather swap rules on member businesses, a sequence of interviews with individuals and an evaluate of guidelines according to ICMM's ideas for weather swap coverage design.

The geographic areas analyzed comprise the ecu Union (EU), South Africa, Australia, Canada and the united states, in addition to sub-national jurisdictions in the US and Canada, specifically California, Quebec and British Columbia. those are areas the place ICMM member businesses have a significantproduction presence and the place there are weather regulations at the moment in position or lower than development.

Four commodities are integrated within the research: iron ore, copper, aluminium and coal. those commodities surround a number greatly produced and used outputs and numerous extraction and construction thoughts in a few destinations globally

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Carbon pricing systems The key parameters for each carbon pricing system are outlined in Annex 2. These are combined with the carbon intensity and financial data figures to quantify the potential financial impacts. Many of the systems propose important rule changes during initial phases of implementation. So in order to ensure comparability, the analysis focuses on 2013 for all systems. For most of the proposed systems, this represents the first year of system operation (exceptions are British Columbia and the EU).

Cfm#undefined 32 The cost of carbon pricing: competitiveness implications for the mining and metals industry Climate Change 2 Process Figure 5 summarizes the process and inputs used in the quantitative analysis. This follows five steps that are described below. Figure 5: Process and inputs for quantitative analysis Analysis process ICMM key inputs (data/information) Step 1 Determine scope of assessment ICMM production % (regions x commodities) Which regions and which economies? • ICMM member company annual reports/other publication information • 2010/11 data on world production by region.

21 Importantly, pricing systems should have support measures that reflect cost impacts across the entire economic cycle to avoid the possibility of adverse effects. The literature indicates a high level of uncertainty surrounding the markets for commodities produced by EITE sectors and the behaviour of firms and consumers acting within them. Notwithstanding differences in the results of models concerning the scale of impacts across sectors, and the limited availability of empirical evidence, studies agree upon the potential for both short-term and longer-term impacts upon EITE sectors, including minerals and metals production.

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