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Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries by Jens Hetland, Teimuraz Gochitashvili

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By Jens Hetland, Teimuraz Gochitashvili

The protection of power provides is critical to trendy societies in the event that they are to prevent shortages and hold reliable costs. by way of traditional gasoline provides, this confers strategic significance on having a couple of provider and a couple of delivery direction. This strategic requirement has implications for political concerns, foreign legislations, economics, and technological know-how and know-how. This quantity discusses the delivery and dealing with of common gasoline from distant areas and pipelines routed via third-party - transit - nations. Strategic reserves and the huge factor of power administration also are thought of. on the grounds that pipelines are prone to sabotage and terrorists job, the social and political balance of the international locations during which the pipelines cross are patently key concerns. it truly is hence vital that the transit nations can use their reimbursement funds to enhance their social balance. The booklet paints the problems with a vast brush and represents a key info source on technological know-how, expertise, strategic and geopolitical matters, and key possibilities on the topic of reservoir geology and cryogenic learn.

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30 25 8000 20 6000 15 4000 10 Poland Germany Country Romania 0 Bulgaria 0 Greece 5 Georgia 2000 Armenia Heating Value (kJ/kg Ash Content Ash Content (%) He ating Value 10000 Figure 7. Typical heating values and ash content of Georgian coal compared to other European lignite The main reserves of coal are located in deeper layers (700-1200 m for sub-bituminous coal at the Tkibuli-Shaori deposit), with few faults and depreciations, making extraction activities very difficult and expensive. Based on international experience coal cannot play a significant role in the formation of the country’s energy balance over the foreseeable future.

At the beginning of the 1990’s, some 85% of towns and villages in Azerbaijan were supplied with natural gas. 1 bcm; 47 J. Hetland and T. ), Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries, 47–60. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 4 bcm. After break-up of the Soviet Union and the ensuing regional conflicts, gas imports from Russia, which superseded those from Iran, were suspended and gas delivery to Armenia and Georgia ceased. During the 1990s, Azeri production declined and there was insufficient gas available to supply distribution consumers outside the Absheron area.

Christensen, Undergro8und gas storage in Georgia, Proceedings of NATO ARW “Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries”, Tbilisi, May, 2003 28. , The Future of the Oil and Gas Industry in Georgia. Georgian Times, February 4, 2002 29. Oil Companies Operating in Georgia, GNOC Information. Materials of Conference “Perspective of Oil Production and Refining”, Tbilisi, October, 2000 30. E. Kakaras, G. Skodas, P. Amarantos. Implementation Possibilities of FBC Technologies in Power and Heating Systems in the Caucasus Region.

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