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Public Examinations in England 1850-1900 by John Roach

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By John Roach

A close old account of the origins of the trendy exam process in England from 1850 to 1900. initially of the 19th century public examinations have been nearly unknown, but via its finish they have been validated because the most widely applicable approach to overview and choice; with many they'd turn into virtually an editorial of the Victorian religion, although their objectivity and efficacy have been already turning into concerns of public controversy. The Oxford and Cambridge honours examinations supplied a huge resource for Victorian principles of open pageant and public examinations. It used to be obvious that this version will be utilized to an entire variety of academic and administrative reasons. The the most important advancements got here among 1850 and 1870: significant landmarks have been the Northcote-Trevelyan file of 1853 at the Civil carrier, the root of the Oxford and Cambridge neighborhood Examinations of 1857 and 1858, and Gladstone's creation in 1870 of open pageant into the house Civil provider.

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104. P A T R O N A G E AND C O M P ET I T I ON 21 examination success. A few years later the Northcote-Trevelyan report marshalled in defence of its arguments a formidable array of academic opinion, for the academics were as enthusiastic for the changes recommended as the professional civil servants were doubtful about them. So for different reasons the reforming party, or perhaps it would be more correct to say reforming influences, since different refor­ mers wanted different things, was getting stronger in both the ancient universities at the end of the forties.

The way the process developed was due to the university men and in particular to the way in which Trevelyan organized his campaign. Not a university man himself he had very close connections with the university-trained intelligentsia who were becoming interested in administrative change. The family link between him and Macaulay is important, but there were many other personal ties between those who preached the new doctrines. Trevelyan's position at the Treasury gave him access to Gladstone who, as chancellor of the exchequer, commissioned the Northcote-Trevelyan enquiry in March 1853.

It might involve secularization of institutions with a strongly religious character. It might result in the levelling of social distinctions. The men of the time believed that for practical purposes classes should remain distinct and their educational institutions separate. ) and of the Taunton Commission on the endowed schools ( 1868). The Newcastle Commission commented on the tendency of competitive examinations for minor government appointments to teach people to 'value education as a means of rising to a higher station in life'.

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