Fossil Fuels

New Biotechnologies for Increased Energy Security : The by Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz

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By Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz

The knowledge contained during this compendium quantity units the degree for the future's large-scale creation of biofuels. Biomass is an ample carbon-neutral renewable feedstock for generating gasoline. First-generation biofuels won awareness for his or her difficulties, however the authors of this booklet display that they're good on their strategy to developing sensible and sustainable second-generation biofuels.The e-book starts off with Read more...

summary: the data contained during this compendium quantity units the degree for the future's large-scale construction of biofuels. Biomass is an plentiful carbon-neutral renewable feedstock for generating gasoline. First-generation biofuels won recognition for his or her difficulties, however the authors of this ebook show that they're good on their technique to developing functional and sustainable second-generation biofuels.The ebook starts off with an creation to man made biology. subsequent, it covers pretreatment applied sciences, complicated microbial applied sciences, genetic engineering because it pertains to biofuel applied sciences, and nan

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2009). To better understand the mechanism of thermochemical and enzymatic removal of xylan, it is useful to develop antibodies capable of tagging xylan in biomass. Antibodies can be tagged with fluorescent dyes, allowing the location of the xylan in biomass to be tracked either optically or spectrophotometrically prior to and following pretreatment. By identifying the location of the xylan, the pretreatment process and the subsequent fermentation process can be tailored to improve ethanol production.

Bioenergy Res 3:82–92 Lynd LR, Laser MS, Bransby D, Dale BE, Davison B, Hamilton R, Himmel M, Keller M, McMillan JD, Sheehan J, Wyman CE (2008) How biotech can transform biofuels. Nat Biotechnol 26:169–172 Kristensen J, Felby C, Jorgensen H (2009) Yield-determining factors in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Biotechnol Biofuels 2:11 Kaar WE, Holtzapple MT (2000) Using lime pretreatment to facilitate the enzymic hydrolysis of corn stover. Biomass Bioenergy 18:189–199 Kim S, Holtzapple MT (2005) Lime pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover.

A portion of corn stover was milled to 1-mm particle size for the compositional analysis. The compositional analysis was performed in duplicates. The moisture content of the raw corn stover was found to be 8 %. 2 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Figure 1 shows the experimental setup used in the present study. The milled corn stover was pretreated using WEx at 12 different pretreatment conditions with varying temperatures (160 to 180 °C), residence time (15 to 25 min), and oxygen pressure (2 to 6 bar). In order to investigate the efficiency of pretreatment, enzymatic digestibility test was conducted with Cellic® CTec2 (40 mg enzyme protein (EP)/g glucan) on all 12 pretreatment slurries.

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