English Syntax and Argumentation: Second Edition (Modern by Bas Aarts
By Bas Aarts
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Extra info for English Syntax and Argumentation: Second Edition (Modern Linguistics)
Sample text
Wooden, cf. g. Russian, cf. *a very Russian book), and a few others. Adjectives can also take comparative and superlative endings. The comparative form of an adjective indicates the greater extent to which the normal form of the adjective, called the absolute form, applies, while the superlative form indicates the maximal extent (cf. big–bigger–biggest). Here are some further examples: (14) Absolute form Comparative form Superlative form great full good greater fuller better greatest fullest best You will have noticed that the forms good–better–best are exceptional.
Be careful to distinguish Predicates from Predicators. 3 [devoured the rat] Predicator j Predicate j [devoured the cat] Predicator j Predicate j Direct Object After our discussion of Subjects, Predicates and Predicators we now turn to a fourth type of grammatical function: the Direct Object (DO). Consider the following sentences: (39) (40) (41) (42) His girlfriend bought this computer. That silly fool broke the teapot. Our linguistics lecturer took this photograph. My sister found this book. The Subjects of these sentences are the first NPs in each case: his girlfriend, that silly fool, our linguistics lecturer and my sister.
We can define Noun Phrases as strings of words whose central element is a noun. All the following are therefore NPs: (11)a b c the hats the blue hats the blue hats on the shelf In each of these strings of words, the central element is the noun hat. Let’s refer to the central element in a phrase as its Head. Notice that this word is spelt with a capital letter indicating that it is a functional notion. Heads function as the central elements of phrases. As you can see from the examples in (11), Noun Phrases can become very long, indefinitely long in fact, if we keep adding elements.